After 9 months hard labor for two apostles were sentenced under the consuls Lucius and Caius Julius Rufus Fontejus Capito to death. Peter because he was not a Roman citizen, was previously scourged and then on to his fellow sufferers Paul 29th June 67 to Christ through the gate Ostiense removed to the place. When they came to the place where today the Holy Trinity Chapel (S. Pietro e Paolo separati) is, they were separated by the guard. They embraced each other after the fashion of the first Chistes for the last time and said goodbye. St. Apostle Paul was three milestones, ie, an hour to run to the place ad aquas Salvia . On the way, he converted three soldiers Acestus, Megistus and Longinus. They asked him who was King because of that he love so much that he died with such joy for him? He then taught them to know Jesus Christ and took it to the Christian faith. He also appeared in the way of his student Plautilla, which recommended, crying his prayers. He asked her for her veil, she wore on her head, can be connected to the execution so that the eyes, and promised her the same after his death to reset again. Indeed, he seemed to her immediately after death and brought back her veil, which was splattered with his blood. - Arrived at the point of
Hinirichtung, he had to stay a while. Only one shows those narrow space under the second of the three churches that are here. Then he was tied to a marble pillar and beheaded. His last words were: "Lord Jesus, into thy hands I commend my spirit." There, where his head was sprung, three sources, all of which the Church tre Fontane is built, and in which the column exists is bound to which the apostle was beheaded.
Sts. Apostle Peter was, after the St.. Paul said goodbye, out over the Tiber and to the level of the mountain Janiculus towed. Before he reached the Leidensort, he lost his foot from the binding, which concealed the wound, which caused him the chain. In memory built the Early Christians here, an oratorio, now occupies the same small church della Fasciola .
It was a pious custom of the early Christians, the smallest events in the life of the two holy apostles kept the memory of posterity. They followed the apostles, as it step by step and build on all seats, which had an apostolic memory, oratories or chapels, which were later converted into many magnificent churches.
When St.. Peter had arrived on the mountain, was prepared for him the cross on which he should like his divine master die. - The saint, however, was unworthy to die in the same position on the cross, like Jesus, and therefore demanded to be crucified with his head bowed to the ground. So he died, praising God and praising surrounded by soldiers, executioners and pious women. The hl. Anastasia and Asilissa, two Roman matrons wanted the blood of St. Apostle dry up with scarves, they were seized, burned with torches and beheaded.
on the site of the crucifixion is now the church of S. Pietro in Montorio . The first construction was the first Christian emperor Constantine. In the courtyard of the adjoining convent of the Franciscan monks, a beautiful circular temple is just over the martyrdom of St. office. Apostle. Marble steps, and 16 granite pillars surrounding him in a circle. In the lower chamber of the same means a Hole in the ground the place where the cross was erected. -
The chains, bound by what the Apostle Peter was, came into possession of devout Christians who kept them secret until the time of Pope Alexander I (109 AD) were known. - The fact that hl. Pope Prefect of Rome, called Hermes, had converted with his whole family and many other nations to faith in Christ, he was thrown into prison, where he won the tribune Quirinus and his daughter Balbina also for Christ. Since the same had been cured by the Pope Alexander from illness and St. Had received baptism, they ceased not to kiss in gratitude and reverence his chains. That their referring said the St. Pope to her: "Leave off, daughter to kiss the shackles and looking rather the chains of the apostles to locate, which thou shalt worship and cover with your kisses." God rewarded her zealous investigating and found they had the chains of the Apostle. She gave the same, as the tradition reports, the noble matron Theodora, the sister of St. Francis. Hermes, which on the slope of the Esquiline hill, built an oratory and the chains deposited there themselves.
About the year 439 pilgrimage ended the Empress Eudoxia, wife of the Emperor Theodosius to Jerusalem to venerate the holy places, and received from the bishop Juvenal the two chains to the present, which by order of King Herod, St. St. Peter chained up in gaol was, and what did get too pious Christians in their possession. - The Empress remained one of the chains to the other but they sent their daughter Eudoxia, the wife of Emperor Valentinian III. to Rome. This she showed the then Pope Sixtus III. (432-440), and when that did it compare with the other chains that Peter was in Rome, which combined the two beautifully with a chain, as they had been made from the same forge. - Eudoxia built then the oratorio Theodora of the current church in which they deposited the holy chains. - Highly revered From then on were the same, and were by touching it cured many sick suddenly. It also maintains Feilspähne the chains in the cross key or trap and take the neck. St. Pope Gregory the Great (590) did so several gifts, which were many miraculous healings. - The rings of the chains of old form, and at each end, a Charnier, which they put around his neck .*
is also the chains, which (* The Church celebrates annually on August 1, Sankt Petri chain celebration.) The apostle Paul, worn by the first Christians were preserved with equal care. You are currently in a chapel of the magnificent church of S. Paolo fuori le mura , and consist of elongated poorly forged rings, which indicate a great age. -
the body of St. Francis. Apostle Paul, buried the noble and pious matron Lucina on her country estate at the Ostiense Road. Lucina was a student of the Holy Apostles, and sought their fortunes with the material needs of the saints to help, she visited and comforted the captives and took care of the burials of the holy martyrs. Over the tomb of St. Apostle was built in an oratorio, was resting under the altar during the three centuries of persecution in their own grave in a coffin of marble chamber of the body of the Saint. Apostle, and was around his tomb, over time a large amount of holy martyrs and separated Christians buried. Thus was born the Cömeterium S. Pauli Apostoli in Lucina praedio .
After the church was finally peace, the Emperor Constantine made at the request of Pope Sylvester (314), a magnificent basilica (church) built over the grave of the apostle. The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius and Arcadius could tear down the same 336 back and perform in their place another building of great size and wonderful glory. This basilica was divided by 80 precious marble columns in five ships. (See Figure). The walls were (composed Pictures of small colored polished stones) with the most beautiful mosaic or mosaic images * decorated, covered the ceiling beams of cedar from Lebanon with gold plate. Round the walls, the busts of the popes from Peter to have been attached. Under the high altar, there was the Confessio ** (** The first Christians were like their worship gatherings at the tombs of the Apostles and celebrated martyrs. Over the grave was the altar, and under it in a coffin of stone or marble of the body of the Holy . Was the coffin of the saint in a grave chamber or vault, then the altar stood over the grave, to which one could pass through a staircase. this altar to the tomb of the saint was called Confessio * (* Testimony, too "testimony" or Mamoria "memory") or "confession". Hence it is that has been provided under the main altar of the great churches of Rome there are graves Confessio S. Peter, S. Paul, S. Laurentii. For there are the remains Dejenigen who have Jesus did through their rich, holy lives and martyrdom known and witnessed. Here, in these tombs, the early Christians prayed inbrünstg the time of persecution to the grace of a steadfast Bekentnisses their faith, where they celebrated each year the death of the saints come here, they made pilgrimages to call the intercession of the saints) the crypt or. the grave with the coffin of St. Apostle of bronze, in which half of the remains of the Apostle was included. The other half put Pope Sylvester in the year 319 to the bones of St.. Peter, when the Emperor Constantine built over his grave in the Vatican was a magnificent church.
All this glory and splendor on the night of 15-16. July 1823 went up in flames, making the early Christian art are an irreplaceable loss suffered. But given the part, the mosaic images and the high altar, the chamber grave with the coffin of St. Apostle spared the fire. The church was through the efforts of the Popes Leo XII. and Gregory XVI. and by gifts of the faithful of the whole world rebuilt magnificently. (See the picture that the interior shows the same.)
After St. Peter was different on the cross, took his body, so the legend * (* De Waal, Prince of the Apostles Peter resting place) one of his pupils, named Marcellus, down. The body was cleaned of blood, washed, anointed with spices, wrapped in a fresh white robe and a precious carried by torchlight and psalm singing of the accompanying Christians to the grave. Marcellus had at the Cornelian Street, on the slope of the Vatican hill, where already buried a lot of martyrs from the former Nero's persecution were, a family tomb. When you reach it, the body of St. Apostle in a wooden Coffin down, trapped with the same stone in a sarcophagus and buried in the tomb of the Marcellus.
In 68, on 9 June, had the cruel tyrant Nero out of desperation, the sword itself thrust into the throat and the Christians now had some time alone. This rest took advantage of St. Anakletus Pope, whom Peter was ordained a priest, and who now occupied the apostolic chair, to build over the grave of a prince of the apostles or Monumentum Memoria. Based on the Vatican hill, surrounded with a garden of flowers and trees, the front of the monument raised to the inscription of the founder of it. Next was the Triclinium * (* kept in this room the faithful at the death of the deceased death feast.) a chamber for the assembly of believers. From the atrium one entered into the interior, in a grave chamber built of stone, dressed the walls and ceiling with marble and decorated with paintings were. Here stood the sarcophagus or stone coffin with the simple inscription "Simon called Peter" (in Greek capital letters).
In a niche on the wall filled with spikenard burned a lamp. At this grave chamber or crypt of St. Apostle encountered the resting place of his successor, St.. Linus, Cletus, Anacletus, Evaristus, Pius, Anicetus, Soter, Eleutherius and Viktor. Even in the seventh century, was shown to the pilgrims, which the grave of St. Apostles undulated, the coffins of these popes. And in the 17th Century, found there a stone with the simple inscription "Linus", the successor of St.. Peter. - During the St.
. Pope Anacletus the Memoria of St. Peter built, he had the body of the same charge and called for the time being buried at a different place, ad Catacumbas , and keep it. About this time, Christians came from the East, intending to return the bodies of the Holy Apostles in their country where they first established Christian churches and had them set before bishops. - The bodies of Sts. Acts should be witnesses to a certain extent that these communities actually by the holy apostles instituted bishops and their legitimate successors of the Apostles were. - But when the Eastern Christians their right to hl. Leiber wanted to claim that they were dismissed. This would, however, stand out from their claims and now were not secretly in the possession of the St.. Bodies to arrive. And in fact, they already were, as St.. Pope Gregory writes, with the Apostle bodies up to the third milestone, about an hour away on the Appian road leading to southern Italy came as the faithful in Rome learned the robbery happened, pursues the fleeing and forced them to the holy. Bodies to possess. The same was then on the place ad Catacumbas brought back and preserved. Here they remained a year and seven months until the Memoria was prepared in which one wanted to bury their bones. After the work was finally completed, the body of St. Peter then put under solemn hymns and buried the body of St. But Paul was buried in the grave chamber of Lucina in the Ostiense Road.
The bodies of the two holy apostles remained undisturbed now highly revered by the faithful who came to periods of peace in droves to pray there to celebrate the Holy Sacrifice and keep their love feast. But again, the peace of the grave of the two saints to be disturbed. Until now, the Christians protected visit by the law on the inviolability of graves, their cemeteries (cemeteries) freely and bury their dead there, even in times of persecution hiding there and celebrate their worship in secret. But since collapsed under the Emperor Valerian in a terrible persecution.
This enemy Christians issued an edict forbidding Christians give access to the cemeteries. Questions were guards at the entrances to them, to arrest every comer. Now, because the Christians had to fear that pagans in the cemeteries and gain could desecrate them, they brought the bodies of the holy Apostles and hid it again, 3 milestones outside of the city, back to the place ad Catacumbas . This transfer took place on 29 June 258, on the anniversary of the Holy Apostles.
Here they remained until the death of the Emperor Valerian (260), the Persian king took Sapor in a war to kill flayed alive and left. The emperor's son and successor, Gallienus returned the Christians not only their cemeteries, but also recognized the Christian community in Rome as an existing one legal entity to which behufs bury their dead land and property have purchased and whose members are in the graves of their members were allowed to congregate and celebrate their death.
Thus the Christians were allowed to Bodies of the holy apostles to bring back to their former resting place. The Cömeterium ad Catacumbas on the Appian Way, but remained, although the bodies of the holy Apostles there not more rested, but for the Christians prefer holy place. They built an oratory there, visited the same pleasure and buried their dead near the former apostle grave. For example, put the body of the Christians of St.. Sebastian, who died in the last persecution under Diocletian the martyrdom death, at here .* (* According to De Waal, "Prince of the Apostles Peter tomb")
Emperor Constantine was converted into a church, the oratory, which received the name of Basilica of the Holy Apostles. Later had the venerable soft Kiche a new building and the new church was called San Sebastiano fuori le Mura "Saint Sebastian outside the Walls." There is now one of the seven main churches of Rome, and is the target of countless pilgrims who come there, sometimes the grave of St. visit to Sebastian, whose body rests in a beautiful chapel, some of the crypt where the holy apostles bodies rested for a while, to testify to their devotion. Near the high altar, climb 27 steps to the Platonia, a semi-circular chapel down. In the middle of it is a free altar with small windows at the front and back, through which one in the real apostles Crypt can look down, and which is separated by a marble slab in half and so a double grave, the resting place of Peter and Paul, forms. -
From: Upper The first Christians, and under the earth
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